Annotated Bibliography in APA Style

Plagiarism: the eighth deadly sin.  Whatever your're writing it is important to know what style of citation is most appropriate and how to use it correctly.  While engineers use many different citation styles depending on their field, most sciences tend to use an APA format, which is outlined (with annotations) below.

Paley, Nina. "Thief" 07/30/2010 via Wikimedia.  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License

References

Berry, K. (2015, April 24). Ethics for CRISPR and the Big Leap Forward [Blog post]. Retrieved from Bill of Health website: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/billofhealth/2015/04/24/ethics-for-crispr-and-the-big-leap-forward/

This blog gives a very comprehensive view of the controversy going on.  This will be helpful in my QRG as it contains many of the key sections that I will need to include.  The site gives background as well as the event, the controversy, and the ethical considerations.

Butler's Scrolls Of Love - Religious Bookstore. (2015, September 6). For the love of children: Genetic technology & the future of the family [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=509300759218251&id=149097108571953

The bookstore PR is proclaiming her views in an attempt to rally support against what she believes is very wrong.  Her ultimate goal is to sell the book that preaches against genetic engineering of embryos as well as other modifications.  She uses a religious moral standpoint to anger people about what is happening.  She raises ethical questions about genetic modification but provides no answers or facts.  I will use her post to represent the concerns that some of the general population have, which is important to consider so as to represent all groups of people in the debate.

The case for genetically engineered babies. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/01/fear-of-designer-babies-shouldnt-distract-us-from-the-goal-of-healthy-babies

CRISPR-CAS9. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tumblr website: https://www.tumblr.com/search/crispr-cas9

CRISPR- Cas Nuclease. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2015, from Fundementals of Synthetic Biology website: https://bchm218spotlight.wordpress.com/crispr-cas-nuclease/

This source simply explains what the process of CRISPR- Cas 9 is and links to more in depth explanations.  It's purpose is to inform.  This source can be used to give the reader extra information if they wish to know through a hyperlink.

Cyranoski, D., & Reardon, S. (2015, April 22). Chinese Scientists Genetically Modify Human Embryos. Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.nature.com/news/chinese-scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-1.17378

This article serves to inform the public of the controversy that is happening and the details that surround it.  Their goal is to give the facts and raise the ethical questions so that the public can make their own informed decision.  However, it makes no clear conclusions.  The authors point out that the test results are far below the accuracy they would need to be to prove successful and that many science journals are rejecting their work because of the ethical concerns the research raises.  This article is essential to my work as it provides much of the ground work and background information for the debate.

David Pakman Show. (2015, April 23). 1st Ever: Scientists Genetically Modify Human Embryos [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5EYXF1rtFQ

This video serves to start a debate of what this breakthrough in research could result in.  David Pakman tries to get people thinking of the long term consequences if this technology available to us.  He includes an equal amount of facts and emotional appeal to prove his point.  He and his partner bring up questions of who gets this technology (the rich?) and will we create two different races (one of genetically perfected humans and the rest).  This video brings important ethical questions to the table that consider the large scale consequences which will be important to discuss in my paper.

Doudna, J. A. (2015, April 3). A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification. Science, 348(6230), 36-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1028

Dresser, R. (2004). Genetic Modification of Preimplantation Embryos: Toward Adequate Human Research Policies. The Milbank Quarterly, 82(1), 195-214. Retrieved from JSTOR database.

The purpose of this article is to point out how the laws regarding genetic modification of embryos do not protect against what the author believes is very wrong.  She takes her paper from a legal standpoint, which will give my work a very different but much needed perspective in considering all aspects of the debate.  She concludes that the law has many wholes that do not protect humans as they should.

Newman, L. H. (2015, April 30). NIH won't fund research that involves editing DNA in human embryos. Retrieved September 11, 2015, from http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/04/30/nih_bans_gene_editing_research_in_human_embryos.html

This article reminds me that there are three groups, those who believe testing embryos is wrong, those who believe that the research will lead to unethical consequences and therefore should stop, and those that believe the research should continue at a safe pace.  However, few if any at all believe that the research is ready for actual implantation.  It highlights the timeline of the controversy and events.  This is helpful in describiing to the reader who the major sides are.

Sample, I. (2015, April 23). Scientists genetically modify human embryos in controversial world first. Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/apr/23/scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-in-controversial-world-first

This article's purpose is simply to inform of the running debate that is happening.  It gives the background information for the research taking place.  It does not raise many questions of its own but does give an account of the questions and answers of professionals in the field.  The article points out how the modification of human embryos could affect generations to come.  It also states how the research is far from being safe and ready to use, as well as how people may be overestimating the power of the research.  This source is very helpful in providing accounts of what both sides of the researchers are saying and the pros and cons involved.

Sykora, P. (2015). The ethics of biotechnological interventions into human genome: Arguments of high risk and destroying human nature. Filozofia, 70(5), 329-342. Abstract retrieved from Web of Science database.

This source points out the how the genetic modification of embryos is going too far.  The author points out how we could actually be damaging the human genome through this process.  He explains that we may be destroying the nature of human beings if these tests continue.  The author makes scientific points as well as ethical points which are both important to consider in my work.

Wade, N. (2015, March 19). Scientists seek ban on method of editing the human genome. Retrieved September 11, 2015, from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/science/biologists-call-for-halt-to-gene-editing-technique-in-humans.html?_r=0

This source details the concerns many are having as well as the solutions that could that could be implemented to at least slow down the testing.  The article expresses that there are still many flaws in the process but that many scientists still want to continue with the research.  This article will help add a new side to the argument and also explain the future of the controversy.

Reflection:

Grace Mahan also used the APA style for her annotated bibliography.  I realized through her annotations that the writing does not need to be fancy or have great sentency fluency.  It is simply for the author's benefit to have their facts laid out in plain language that is simple and easy to access.

Gabee Mazza's bibliography used the APSA style.  This style uses paragraph breaks to separate citations, while APA uses indentations.  This showed me that one of the major aspects of bibliographies is that they should be organized and easy to read with easy-to-find information.   The other differences in styles only helps to show first what the reader might find more important (whether it author, source, etc.).